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	<div id="pagetitle"><h1>YUI Library Examples: The YUI Global Object: Combine Data Sets with <code>merge</code></h1></div>
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	<h2>The YUI Global Object: Combine Data Sets with <code>merge</code></h2>

	<div id="example" class="promo">
	<div class="example-intro">
	<p><code>merge</code> allows you to combine any number of input objects and output a single merged set.<p>
<p>
If the input is a single object, the return value will be a shallow copy of the input, meaning that the return value
is a different object, but any non-primitive value in the input object is referenced in the returned
object.
</p>

<p>Click the "Merge" button to generate the merged set, the "Copy" button to create a shallow copy of an object.</p>
	</div>	

	<div class="module example-container ">
			<div class="hd exampleHd">
			<p class="newWindowButton yui-skin-sam">
                <a href="yui-merge_clean.html" target="_blank">View example in new window.</a>
            </p>
		</div>		<div id="example-canvas" class="bd">

		
	<!--BEGIN SOURCE CODE FOR EXAMPLE =============================== -->
	
	<div id="demo">
<pre>set1 = { foo : "foo" };</pre>
<pre>set2 = { foo : "BAR", bar : "bar"  };</pre>
<pre>set3 = { foo : "FOO", baz : "BAZ" };</pre>

<input type="button" name="demo_btn1" id="demo_btn1" value="Merge"/>
<input type="button" name="demo_btn2" id="demo_btn2" value="Copy"/>
<h3>result</h3>
<pre id="demo_result">click Merge or Copy</pre>
<script type="text/javascript">

YUI({filter:"debug", logInclude: {example:true}}).use("node", "dump",
// This method is in the core of the library, so we don't have to use() any
// additional modules to access it.  However, this example requires 'node'
// and 'dump'.

function(Y) {

    var set1 = { foo : "foo" };
    var set2 = { foo : "BAR", bar : "bar" };
    var set3 = { foo : "FOO", baz : "BAZ" };
    var result = Y.one('#demo_result');

    var doMerge = function () {

        Y.log('set1 = ' + Y.dump(set1));
        Y.log('set2 = ' + Y.dump(set2));
        Y.log('set3 = ' + Y.dump(set3));

        Y.log('Merging set1, set2, and set3');
        var merged = Y.merge(set1, set2, set3);
        Y.log('merged = ' + Y.dump(merged));

        result.set('innerHTML', '<p>' + stringifyObj(merged) + '</p>');
    };

    Y.on('click', doMerge, '#demo_btn1');

    var doCopy = function () {

        // Create set4 with an object property 'obj'
        var set4 = {
            obj: {}
        };

        // Create a shallow copy of set4
        var copy = Y.merge(set4);

        // Add a property to the copy inside of the 'obj' property
        copy.obj.addedToCopy = true;

        Y.log('After modifying the copy: ');

        // The result object is not the same as the original, but
        var msg = ('"copy" should NOT be equal to the "original" (false expected): ' + (copy === set4));

        // objects in the result object will reference the same object in
        // the input object.
        msg += '<br />copy.obj.addedToCopy should be equal to original.obj.addedToCopy (true expected): ' + 
                (copy.obj.addedToCopy === set4.obj.addedToCopy);

        Y.log(msg);
        result.set('innerHTML', '<p>' + msg + '</p>');
    };

    Y.on('click', doCopy, '#demo_btn2');

    var stringifyObj = function (obj) {
        var bits = ['{ '];
        for (var k in obj) {
            bits = bits.concat([k, ' : "', obj[k], '", ']);
        }
        bits[bits.length - 1] = '" }';

        return bits.join('');
    };

});
</script>
</div>
	
	<!--END SOURCE CODE FOR EXAMPLE =============================== -->
	
		
		</div>
	</div>			
	</div>
		
	<h2 class="first">Using <code>merge</code></h2>


<h3 class="first">Instantiate YUI</h3>

<div id="syntax-0112d050d8a648625ff0c2548491a97c" class="yui-syntax-highlight"><div class="numbers"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><ol><li class="li1"><div class="de1"><span class="sy0">&lt;!--</span> include yui <span class="sy0">--&gt;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1"><span class="sy0">&lt;</span>script type<span class="sy0">=</span><span class="st0">&quot;text/javascript&quot;</span> src<span class="sy0">=</span><span class="st0">&quot;../../build/yui/yui.js&quot;</span><span class="sy0">&gt;&lt;/</span>script<span class="sy0">&gt;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">YUI<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span>.<span class="kw2">use</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">&quot;node&quot;</span><span class="sy0">,</span> <span class="st0">&quot;dump&quot;</span><span class="sy0">,</span> <span class="kw2">function</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>Y<span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span></div></li><li class="li2"><div class="de2">    <span class="co1">// This method is in the core of the library, so we don't have to use() any</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    <span class="co1">// additional modules to access it.  However, this example requires 'node'.</span></div></li></ol></pre></div><div class="nonumbers"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span class="sy0">&lt;!--</span> include yui <span class="sy0">--&gt;</span>
<span class="sy0">&lt;</span>script type<span class="sy0">=</span><span class="st0">&quot;text/javascript&quot;</span> src<span class="sy0">=</span><span class="st0">&quot;../../build/yui/yui.js&quot;</span><span class="sy0">&gt;&lt;/</span>script<span class="sy0">&gt;</span>
&nbsp;
YUI<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span>.<span class="kw2">use</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">&quot;node&quot;</span><span class="sy0">,</span> <span class="st0">&quot;dump&quot;</span><span class="sy0">,</span> <span class="kw2">function</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>Y<span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span>
    <span class="co1">// This method is in the core of the library, so we don't have to use() any</span>
    <span class="co1">// additional modules to access it.  However, this example requires 'node'.</span></pre></div><textarea id="syntax-0112d050d8a648625ff0c2548491a97c-plain"><!-- include yui -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../build/yui/yui.js"></script>

YUI().use("node", "dump", function(Y) {
    // This method is in the core of the library, so we don't have to use() any
    // additional modules to access it.  However, this example requires 'node'.</textarea></div>
<h3>Merging hash tables</h3>
<p>When the "Merge" button is clicked, we merge three object literals in the form
of hash tables.  Note the key values in later parameters override those in
previous parameters.</p>

<div id="syntax-37b8bde13ecf57cb6b03124fc958fc9a" class="yui-syntax-highlight"><div class="numbers"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><ol><li class="li1"><div class="de1"><span class="kw2">var</span> set1 <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span> foo <span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="st0">&quot;foo&quot;</span> <span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1"><span class="kw2">var</span> set2 <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span> foo <span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="st0">&quot;BAR&quot;</span><span class="sy0">,</span> bar <span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="st0">&quot;bar&quot;</span> <span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1"><span class="kw2">var</span> set3 <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span> foo <span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="st0">&quot;FOO&quot;</span><span class="sy0">,</span> baz <span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="st0">&quot;BAZ&quot;</span> <span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1"><span class="kw2">var</span> result <span class="sy0">=</span> Y.<span class="me1">one</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'#demo_result'</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li2"><div class="de2">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1"><span class="kw2">var</span> doMerge <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="kw2">function</span> <span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'set1 = '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> Y.<span class="me1">dump</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>set1<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'set2 = '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> Y.<span class="me1">dump</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>set2<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li2"><div class="de2">    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'set3 = '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> Y.<span class="me1">dump</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>set3<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'Merging set1, set2, and set3'</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    <span class="kw2">var</span> merged <span class="sy0">=</span> Y.<span class="me1">merge</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>set1<span class="sy0">,</span> set2<span class="sy0">,</span> set3<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'merged = '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> Y.<span class="me1">dump</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>merged<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li2"><div class="de2">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    result.<span class="me1">set</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'innerHTML'</span><span class="sy0">,</span> <span class="st0">'&lt;p&gt;'</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> stringifyObj<span class="br0">&#40;</span>merged<span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> <span class="st0">'&lt;/p&gt;'</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1"><span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">Y.<span class="me1">on</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'click'</span><span class="sy0">,</span> doMerge<span class="sy0">,</span> <span class="st0">'#demo_btn'</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li2"><div class="de2">&nbsp;</div></li></ol></pre></div><div class="nonumbers"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span class="kw2">var</span> set1 <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span> foo <span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="st0">&quot;foo&quot;</span> <span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
<span class="kw2">var</span> set2 <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span> foo <span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="st0">&quot;BAR&quot;</span><span class="sy0">,</span> bar <span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="st0">&quot;bar&quot;</span> <span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
<span class="kw2">var</span> set3 <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span> foo <span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="st0">&quot;FOO&quot;</span><span class="sy0">,</span> baz <span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="st0">&quot;BAZ&quot;</span> <span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
<span class="kw2">var</span> result <span class="sy0">=</span> Y.<span class="me1">one</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'#demo_result'</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;
<span class="kw2">var</span> doMerge <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="kw2">function</span> <span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span>
&nbsp;
    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'set1 = '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> Y.<span class="me1">dump</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>set1<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'set2 = '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> Y.<span class="me1">dump</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>set2<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'set3 = '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> Y.<span class="me1">dump</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>set3<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;
    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'Merging set1, set2, and set3'</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
    <span class="kw2">var</span> merged <span class="sy0">=</span> Y.<span class="me1">merge</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>set1<span class="sy0">,</span> set2<span class="sy0">,</span> set3<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'merged = '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> Y.<span class="me1">dump</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>merged<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;
    result.<span class="me1">set</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'innerHTML'</span><span class="sy0">,</span> <span class="st0">'&lt;p&gt;'</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> stringifyObj<span class="br0">&#40;</span>merged<span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> <span class="st0">'&lt;/p&gt;'</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
<span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;
Y.<span class="me1">on</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'click'</span><span class="sy0">,</span> doMerge<span class="sy0">,</span> <span class="st0">'#demo_btn'</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;</pre></div><textarea id="syntax-37b8bde13ecf57cb6b03124fc958fc9a-plain">var set1 = { foo : "foo" };
var set2 = { foo : "BAR", bar : "bar" };
var set3 = { foo : "FOO", baz : "BAZ" };
var result = Y.one('#demo_result');

var doMerge = function () {

    Y.log('set1 = ' + Y.dump(set1));
    Y.log('set2 = ' + Y.dump(set2));
    Y.log('set3 = ' + Y.dump(set3));

    Y.log('Merging set1, set2, and set3');
    var merged = Y.merge(set1, set2, set3);
    Y.log('merged = ' + Y.dump(merged));

    result.set('innerHTML', '<p>' + stringifyObj(merged) + '</p>');
};

Y.on('click', doMerge, '#demo_btn');
</textarea></div>
<h3>Creating Shallow Copies</h3>
<p>When the "Copy" button is clicked, we create use merge on a single
object in order to create a shallow clone.  The code illustrates the
fact that object properties of the result object are shared with
the input object.</p>

<div id="syntax-6f950783ae906f05062d2f2119c16169" class="yui-syntax-highlight"><div class="numbers"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><ol><li class="li1"><div class="de1"><span class="kw2">var</span> doCopy <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="kw2">function</span> <span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    <span class="co1">// Create set4 with an object property 'obj'</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    <span class="kw2">var</span> set4 <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span></div></li><li class="li2"><div class="de2">        obj<span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span><span class="br0">&#125;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    <span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    <span class="co1">// Create a shallow copy of set4</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    <span class="kw2">var</span> copy <span class="sy0">=</span> Y.<span class="me1">merge</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>set4<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li2"><div class="de2">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    <span class="co1">// Add a property to the copy inside of the 'obj' property</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    copy.<span class="me1">obj</span>.<span class="me1">addedToCopy</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="kw2">true</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'After modifying the copy: '</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li2"><div class="de2">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    <span class="co1">// The result object is not the same as the original, but</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    <span class="kw2">var</span> msg <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'&quot;copy&quot; should NOT be equal to the &quot;original&quot; (false expected): '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> <span class="br0">&#40;</span>copy <span class="sy0">===</span> set4<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    <span class="co1">// objects in the result object will reference the same object in</span></div></li><li class="li2"><div class="de2">    <span class="co1">// the input object.</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    msg <span class="sy0">+=</span> <span class="st0">'&lt;br /&gt;copy.obj.addedToCopy should be equal to original.obj.addedToCopy (true expected): '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> </div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">            <span class="br0">&#40;</span>copy.<span class="me1">obj</span>.<span class="me1">addedToCopy</span> <span class="sy0">===</span> set4.<span class="me1">obj</span>.<span class="me1">addedToCopy</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">&nbsp;</div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>msg<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li2"><div class="de2">    result.<span class="me1">set</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'innerHTML'</span><span class="sy0">,</span> <span class="st0">'&lt;p&gt;'</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> msg <span class="sy0">+</span> <span class="st0">'&lt;/p&gt;'</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1"><span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></div></li><li class="li1"><div class="de1">&nbsp;</div></li></ol></pre></div><div class="nonumbers"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span class="kw2">var</span> doCopy <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="kw2">function</span> <span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span>
&nbsp;
    <span class="co1">// Create set4 with an object property 'obj'</span>
    <span class="kw2">var</span> set4 <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span>
        obj<span class="sy0">:</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span><span class="br0">&#125;</span>
    <span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;
    <span class="co1">// Create a shallow copy of set4</span>
    <span class="kw2">var</span> copy <span class="sy0">=</span> Y.<span class="me1">merge</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>set4<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;
    <span class="co1">// Add a property to the copy inside of the 'obj' property</span>
    copy.<span class="me1">obj</span>.<span class="me1">addedToCopy</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="kw2">true</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;
    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'After modifying the copy: '</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;
    <span class="co1">// The result object is not the same as the original, but</span>
    <span class="kw2">var</span> msg <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'&quot;copy&quot; should NOT be equal to the &quot;original&quot; (false expected): '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> <span class="br0">&#40;</span>copy <span class="sy0">===</span> set4<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;
    <span class="co1">// objects in the result object will reference the same object in</span>
    <span class="co1">// the input object.</span>
    msg <span class="sy0">+=</span> <span class="st0">'&lt;br /&gt;copy.obj.addedToCopy should be equal to original.obj.addedToCopy (true expected): '</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> 
            <span class="br0">&#40;</span>copy.<span class="me1">obj</span>.<span class="me1">addedToCopy</span> <span class="sy0">===</span> set4.<span class="me1">obj</span>.<span class="me1">addedToCopy</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;
    Y.<span class="me1">log</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>msg<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
    result.<span class="me1">set</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="st0">'innerHTML'</span><span class="sy0">,</span> <span class="st0">'&lt;p&gt;'</span> <span class="sy0">+</span> msg <span class="sy0">+</span> <span class="st0">'&lt;/p&gt;'</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
<span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy0">;</span>
&nbsp;</pre></div><textarea id="syntax-6f950783ae906f05062d2f2119c16169-plain">var doCopy = function () {

    // Create set4 with an object property 'obj'
    var set4 = {
        obj: {}
    };

    // Create a shallow copy of set4
    var copy = Y.merge(set4);

    // Add a property to the copy inside of the 'obj' property
    copy.obj.addedToCopy = true;

    Y.log('After modifying the copy: ');

    // The result object is not the same as the original, but
    var msg = ('"copy" should NOT be equal to the "original" (false expected): ' + (copy === set4));

    // objects in the result object will reference the same object in
    // the input object.
    msg += '<br />copy.obj.addedToCopy should be equal to original.obj.addedToCopy (true expected): ' + 
            (copy.obj.addedToCopy === set4.obj.addedToCopy);

    Y.log(msg);
    result.set('innerHTML', '<p>' + msg + '</p>');
};
</textarea></div>
<p>See the <code>clone</code> method to create deep copies of objects.</p>
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